No 'Hidden Strength' in Subsurface Lake Toba?

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The view of Lake Toba on the island of Samosir. | via: mentaritravelservices.com

Liputan6.com, Jakarta - Lake Toba is the largest lake in Indonesia and Southeast Asia.Bodies located in North Sumatra has a length of about 100 kilometers and 30 kilometers wide.

According to some scientists, the lake was formed by the great eruption of Mount Toba happened 74,000 years ago. Reported by the Daily Mail , the eruption destroyed about 60 percent of living things at the time.

Kala erupted, a volcanic lava spewing 2,500 cubic kilometers, the equivalent of twice the volume of Mount Everest. 5,000 times more terrible eruption of Mount St. Helens eruption in 1980 in the United States.

According to the website US space agency (NASA), in about two weeks, thousands of cubic kilometers of debris spewed from its peak.Pyroclastic flow - a cloud that is a mixture of hot gas, rock fragments and ash - bury area of approximately 20,000 square kilometers around the caldera.

Post-eruption of Mount Toba leaving modern caldera filled with water - into Lake Toba.Meanwhile, Pulau Samosir lifted by underground magma that did not erupt.

Although there have been tens of thousands of years ago, the researchers predicted the devastating eruption of Lake Toba will happen again. But according to them, the incident did not seem to be happening in the near future.

Illustration of the massive eruption (Ivan Koulakov)

Ivan Koulakov and his colleagues from the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, examines what is hidden beneath Lake Toba using seismic data.

The research team created a model that is published in the journal Nature . They show how the magma pool grows under Toba caldera. Even though it looks quiet, researchers say that the "machine" that produces magma will continue to be active.

By using seismic data to track the channel system Toba, they acquire the channel complex with magma that moves up through a certain level.

The team will also track the magma to a depth of 150 km. At that level, a large number of chemical elements in the atmosphere produced by subduction - the boundary between the plates which are convergent.

The researchers found that the magma reservoir broad and solid under the Earth's crust is a key mechanism causing massive eruption (Ivan Koulakov et al / Nature Communications)

They then move up and melt, gathered at the base of the crust, and creates a reservoir of 50,000 cubic kilometers of magma at a depth of 75 kilometers. The process is repeated and form a crust shallow reservoir which is considered responsible for the eruption devastating.

Although there is a possibility of an eruption has occurred, the scientists say that we need not worry about it.

"There is a possibility that, in the long term, a major eruption will occur repeatedly until (system fault) Investigator Fracture Zone, where the biggest source of the massive eruption, Toba plunged down," said the scientist as reported by International Business Times .

They added, and volatile liquid magma in the crust may not yet be achieved, so that the massive eruption the next not expected to occur within a few tens of thousands or hundreds of thousands of years.

Toba is not the only supervolcano where magma reservoir found in it. Similar structures are also found in supervocano Yellowstone in the United States. According to the researchers, it shows that the magma reservoir broad and solid under the Earth's crust is a key mechanism causing massive eruption.

If Yellowstone erupted, the power of the eruption is estimated thousands of times more powerful than the eruption of Mount St. Helena in 1980. He will spew lava into the sky, while the hot ashes will kill crops and buried the surrounding area to a radius of more than 1,600 kilometers.

Not only that, two-thirds of the United States could become uninhabitable because of toxic air that wafts from the caldera.

Some even say that the ash from the eruption can block sunlight and cause the Earth's temperature decrease drastically. This can result in food shortages and mass death.

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